2023-24年度IHBB秋季赛已经陆续落下帷幕，在已经结束的深圳、上海、北京各场比赛中，参赛队伍和个人选手都有非常精彩的表现。如果同学们目前有参赛计划、但未赶上秋季所在城市的场次，目前仍有将于2024年1月6-7日举办的线上IHBB开放报名 (12月23日截止)，感兴趣的同学不要错过哦！
在前两期推送中，我们整理了今年IHBB秋季赛 StudyGuide(Gammaset)当中涉及到亚太、美洲的重点知识。其余的欧洲部分属于IHBB的重头戏，知识点较多。让我们一起来看一下这些容易出现在今年秋季赛（包括1月初的线上赛）的重点内容：
1.Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512) were born in Florence, the center of the Italian Renaissance (c. 1400). In the 1430s, the Medici family of bankers became the most powerful house in Florence, patronizing Raphael, Michelangelo, and many others.
2.Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726/27) formulated his Three Laws of Motion in the 1687 work Principia Mathematica.
3.Gladiators were Roman armed combatants who fought public duels in venues like the Colosseum for the amusement of the Roman public.
4.Wernher von Braun (1912-1977) was a German scientist who was extracted to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip.
5.Austrian Kurt Waldheim (1918-2007) served as the fourth secretary-general of the United Nations from 1972 until 1981, succeeding U Thant of Myanmar.
6.The Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) was an American operation following World War Two to resupply the blockaded city of Berlin.
7.François Mitterand (1916-1996) served as president of France from 1981 until 1995.
8.King George III (1738-1820) was the King of Great Britain and Ireland during the American Revolution.
9.The Ustaše was a Fascist organization that operated in Croatia from 1929 until 1945.
10.The Battle of Leipzig was an 1813 engagement between the Sixth Coalition and Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821).
11.Francisco Franco (1892-1975) was a Spanish general who became dictator of Spain after the Spanish Civil War, ruling from 1939 until 1975 under the title Caudillo.
12.Leif Erikson (c. 970-1025) was a Norse explorer who founded Norse settlements on Greenland and gave the modern Labrador coast of Canada the name Vinland. That expedition made him the first European to set foot in North America.
13.The House of Bourbon is a ruling dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France. Notable rulers from this house include Henry IV, Louis XIV, and Louis XVI.
14.Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and theorist. Trotsky and the Bolsheviks supported Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) and opposed the Mensheviks.
15.The Warsaw Pact (Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance) was a collective defense agreement led by the Soviet Union and consisted of the USSR and seven other allied Eastern European nations.
16.Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) served as prime minister of the United Kingdom in 1868, then again from 1874 until 1880.
17.The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 aimed to topple the country’s Soviet-guided government, resulting in the short-lived leadership of Imre Nagy (1896-1958).
18.The Risorgimento is the term for the political movement that culminated with the kingdoms of the Italian peninsula unifying into a single Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
19.The Irish Potato Famine (1845-1852) was a period of mass starvation in Ireland that was exacerbated by the Corn Laws.
20.Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) was a Benedictine abbess and German polymath who was accomplished as a writer, philosopher, and composer.
21.Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) was a British woman who is best-remembered for her role in providing aid during the Crimean War (1853-1956).
同学们可以看出，官方的Study Guide内容顺序比较随机，并没有按照时间或国别进行划分。这样就要求我们在备赛时自行了解、充分熟悉每个知识点。其中涉及到的重点名词包括：
在上述考点当中，有不少属于欧洲史的常识性知识，或者曾在以往的考试中出现。像往常一样，老师为同学们整理出一些往年真题，便于大家更有针对性地了解这些题目在实际赛场上会以怎样的方式考察：
例题一
• This scientist worked at Peenemünde [[pay-neh-MYOON-deh]] as a young man and told the U.S. government that he had joined the SS because it was the only way he could continue his research.
• This man came to the U.S. as part of Operation Paperclip and spent twenty years in Huntsville, Alabama where he led the Redstone Arsenal.
• For the point, name this German director of the Marshall Space Flight Center who led the development of the Saturn V [[FIVE]] rocket.
•ANSWER:Wernher von Braun
解析：IHBB的每套试题集通常会涉及到一两位现代科学家，今年Gamma Set种出现的冯·布劳恩(Wernher von Braun) 此前便在赛题中出现过。同学们需要掌握其在德国和美国的两段历史，包括在美国期间所产生的多项成就，以及与之相关的“回形针行动”（Operation Paperclip）。
例题二
Age of Vikings
Concerning the Vikings, name the...
(1) Viking-settled region of northern France ruled by William the Conqueror.
ANSWER: Normandy (or Normanz)
(2) Explorer who landed in modern Newfoundland in a place he called Vinland.
ANSWER: Leif Erikson
(3) General term for their raiding vessels, with Drakkar and Skeid [[SKEED]] varieties.
ANSWER: Longships
解析：这是一道出现在History Bowl 第三节的分组回答题目，主题为“维京时代”(Age of Vikings). 在这里可以看到在Study Guide中出现过的埃里克松(Leif Erikson) 发现“文兰”(Vinland)的相关知识点。
例题三
•The Treaty Tree in this city was the site of a peace agreement that followed the Battle of Blaauwberg. This port experienced an influx of immigrants during gold rushes in Griqualand West and Witwatersrand. Being granted its own parliament in 1854, this city's colony was unified with Natal and two Boer Republics in 1910. The Langa township in this city was once a central site of force relocation during Apartheid. For ten points, name this oldest and second-largest city in South Africa.
ANSWER: Cape Town (accept Kaapstad; or iKapa)
• BONUS: Which woman, known as the "lady of the lamp," revolutionized the field of nursing during the Crimean War?
ANSWER: Florence Nightingale
解析：这是一道出现在History Bowl 第三节的分组回答题目，主题为“维京时代”(Age of Vikings). 在这里可以看到在Study Guide中出现过的埃里克松(Leif Erikson) 发现“文兰”(Vinland)的相关知识点。
除了将于1月初举行的线上赛，IHBB还将在2月初进行香港赛区的比赛，北京也将在3月16日进行本年度的第二场线下区域赛，都将使用Beta Set试题集。
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