这篇文章汇总了英文写作中最常见的一些用词错误,在考试中如果犯了这些低级错误,是会直接导致扣分的。
平时在背单词的时候,既要背中英文意思,也要记单词的搭配和用法,如果能再背1-2个例句则更佳,这样才能提高对单词的使用准确率。
1 lack
Wrong: Many students lack of the ability to think critically.
Right: Many students lack the ability to think critically.
很多学生缺乏批判性思考的能力。
lack作动词时,是个及物动词,不能在后面加of。lack作名词时,才会在后面加of,即(a) lack of sth。如:New parents may suffer from a lack of sleep.刚当父母的人可能会遭受睡眠不足的困扰。
lack还有个较为常用的固定用法:be lacking in sth缺乏某种品质/特征。上面的句子也可以改为:Many students are lacking in the ability to think critically.
2 access
W: Smartphones offer people an access to up-to-date information.
R: Smartphones offer people access to up-to-date information.
智能手机使人们可以获取实时信息。access是个不可数名词,不能在前面加an。access作动词时同样是及物动词,不要写成了access to sth。如:Smartphones enable people to access up-to-date information.
3 prospect
W: Only by working hard can we have a better prospect.
R: Only by working hard can we have better prospects.
我们只有努力才能有更好的前途。
prospect这个词表示前途(the chances of being successful)时,只能作复数prospects。如job prospects工作前途。而表示可能性;设想时,则使用单数。甚至有些词汇书中都犯了这个错误:
正确写法为:(The) Prospects for this company are worth expecting. 比如外刊中类似的一句话:
书上写的东西,尤其是一些英语应试书籍中的内容,未必就是完全正确的。权威词典(朗文、牛津、剑桥、麦克米伦等)才是最可靠的。
4 health/healthy
W: Environmental pollution is likely to cause healthy problems.
R: Environmental pollution is likely to cause health problems.
环境污染可能会造成健康问题。在中文“健康问题”中,“健康”一词并非修饰problem的"性质"(比如a serious/minor problem),而是表示“在健康方面的”,即problems with health。而healthy(健康的)则是用于形容名词的"性质",如a healthy lifestyle。health一词可以作修饰词(名词也是可以作修饰词的),放在名词前,表示“与健康相关的”。而前面表示“环境污染”,用的则是environmental pollution,因为environmental表示“与环境相关的”。
5 society
W: Technological advances are beneficial for both individuals and the society.
R: Technological advances are beneficial for both individuals and society.
科技发展对个人和社会都有利。
society表示抽象的社会时,是个不可数名词。泛指社会时,前面不能加the。不过,society确实可以作可数名词,此时是表示具体的社会,如western societies西方社会、an industrial society工业化社会。
另一个词的词性容易与society混淆:government。government是可数名词,表示“政府”时,要写成the government或governments。
6 approach/solution to
W: One approach/solution to reduce children's addiction to the internet is parental company.
R: One approach/solution to reducing children's addiction to the internet is parental company.
减少孩子对网络沉迷的一个方法就是父母的陪伴。approach/solution to中to是个介词,后面如果是动词的话,则需要变成ing形式。很多同学会把approach当成是way的同义词,但是两者的用法是不同的:way表示"方法"时,后面接的是不定式,即way to do sth,而没有way to sth这种用法。而approach则经常用作approach to sth:a new approach to cancer treatment治疗癌症的新方法。
7 exist
W: New-energy cars exist many advantages.
R: New-energy cars have/possess many advanatages.
新能源汽车存在很多优势。很多同学写作文的时候习惯于将大脑中的中文翻译成英文,那么如果对单词用法不熟悉,只知道其意思的话,就很容易用错。exist是个不及物动词,表示事物存在,只能用作Sth exist(s)或There exist(s) sth (there be句型的一个变体)。不能写成A exist(s) B。
表示事物存在优缺点,有个固定句型可以记下来:There is/are benefits/advantages/drawbacks/a downside to sth/doing sth。这个句型中的to是介词,因此后面动词要变成ing。如:There is a downside to shopping online.网购存在一个弊端。
8 on the one hand/on the other handW: On the one hand, remote working allows people greater control over their daily life. On the other hand, it is likely to improve employees' productivity.
R: Remote working allows people greater control over their daily life. In addition, it is likely to improve employees' productivity.
一方面,远程办公使人们拥有更多对日常生活的掌控。另一方面,远程办公可能会提高员工的工作效率。这个短语用错的同学可以说是数不胜数了。很多同学只记了它的中文意思:一方面...另一方面...,于是用这个短语来引导两个并列的分论点。实际上,这个短语的逻辑意义是引导两个对立/反向的观点。如果on the one hand后面是事物的好处的话,那么on the other hand后面就应该是坏处了。