先来看几个错误的句子:
1 Remote working is beneficial to save commuting time.
2 More and more countries attach great importance to reduce carbon emissions.
3 One of the approaches to reduce carbon dioxide is to shop with recyclable bags.
这几句话都犯了一个错误:将介词to当成了不定式。正确的写法是改为动名词:
1 Remote working is beneficial to saving commuting time.
2 More and more countries attach great importance to reducing carbon emissions.
3 One of the approaches to reducing carbon dioxide is to shop with recyclable bags.
很多同学都记得有is adj to do sth结构。当这种结构用于对事情的性质进行描述时,句子主语必须是形式主语it,即It is adj to do sth.。
这类形容词有:important/essential、beneficial、helpful、useful、possible、difficult/easy、interesting、convenient等等,用于修饰事情/动作的性质。
将It is adj to do sth.还原成原始语序就是:To do sth is adj. 由此可见,这里的形容词adj与to do sth是分开的两个独立成分。
不过,有几类形容词后面可以接to do sth。主要有:likely/prone/inclined(可能的趋势)、slow/quick/right/wrong(人物动作)、eager/glad/reluctant/afraid(人物情绪)等等。如:Many companies are prone/slow/relunctant to adopt remote working.很多公司倾向于/迟迟没有/不愿意采用远程工作。
1 回到开头的第一句话:
Remote working is beneficial to save commuting time.(X)这句话对应的中文意思是:"远程工作对节省通勤时间有帮助。"
"对…有帮助(is beneficial to)"就类似于一个动作,而"节省通勤时间(save commuting time)"是这个动作的宾语,因此要变成ing形式。这与上面的It is adj to do sth.是两种完全不同的结构。
在英文写作中,be important to doing sth、be beneficial to doing sth等结构虽然语法上完全正确,但是用的相对较少,经常是转化为其他更自然的结构。为了避免结构过于生硬,有些形容词后则改用了介词for/in。如:be important to doing sth→play an important part/role in doing sthbe beneficial to doing sth→help (to) do sth、be helpful in/for doing sth
be useful to doing sth→be useful for doing sth
2 再看开头的第二句话:
More and more countries attach great importance to reduce carbon emissions. (X)这里的reduce carbon emissions同样是作宾语,作attach great importance to的宾语,即“对…给予重视”,同样存在“对…”这层意思。放在介词to后面作宾语,动词要变成v-ing。
类似的短语还有:pay attention to、look forward to、contribute to、dedicate…to等等。后面的动词都要加ing。
这样教大家一个简单的区分方法:一般来说,如果一个以to结尾的短语后面经常接名词,那么这个to就是介词。当这个to后面要接动词的话,就要变成v-ing。比如上面的几个动词短语,多数情况下后面都是接名词:
pay attention to this issue、look forward to your reply、contribute to economic prosperity、dedicate much time to research。
3 再来说一下approach to后面为什么要加动名词,而不能是动词原形。
One of the approaches to reduce carbon dioxide is to shop with recyclable bags.(X)大家都知道有way to do sth。但是way表示方式时,并没有way to sth这种用法。也就是说这里的to是不定式。way可以视为英文中的一个特例。而所谓的way的"同义词",如approach/solution/method/remedy,后面都是可以接名词的,而且多数情况下是接名词。如:approach to education、solution to this problem。那么如果后面要接动词,就要变ing:One of the approaches to reducing carbon dioxide is to shop with recyclable bags.
(method/remedy后面则不用to,用for,即method/remedy for sth/doing sth)