剑桥英语PET(B1 Preliminary)考试注重考查考生在实际语境中的语言运用能力,语法(时态、词法、句法)是考试的核心基础。以下是具体考查要点及对应难度:
01 时态
✅一般将来时
结构:will + 动词原形 / be going to + 动词原形
用法:计划或明显迹象(多用be going to)、预测或临时决定(用will)。
- 例: I will call you when I arrive.
- 例: She is going to study medicine next year.
✅一般过去时
结构:动词过去式(规则动词加-ed,不规则需单独记忆,如eat→ate)。
用法:描述过去完成的动作或状态。
时间状语:yesterday, last night, in 2020
- 例:They watched a movie last night.
- 例:He ate sushi for dinner.
✅过去进行时
结构:was/were + 现在分词(-ing)。
用法:过去某时刻正在进行的动作,或与另一动作同时发生。
- 例: I was cooking when the phone rang.
✅现在完成时
结构:have/has + 过去分词。
用法:强调过去动作对现在的影响(未完成动作、经历等)。
时间状语:just, already, ever, never, since, for
- 例:I have lived here for five years.
✅过去完成时
结构:had + 过去分词。
用法:表示“过去的过去”,常与一般过去时搭配。
- 例: When I arrived, the train had already left.
✅过去将来时
结构:would + 动词原形 / was/were going to + 动词原形。
用法:从过去视角描述将来的计划或预测。
- 例:She said she would help me.
02 词法重点
✅形容词顺序
规则:观点 → 大小 → 年龄 → 形状 → 颜色 → 来源 → 材料 → 用途。
- 例:A lovely small old square blue French wooden jewelry box.
✅不定代词
用法: some(肯定句/表请求)、any(疑问/否定)、no(否定)、every(泛指全体)。
复合词:someone/anyone/no one/everyone 等。
- 例:Is there any milk left?
- 例:Someone is knocking at the door.
03 句法核心
✅宾语从句
连接词:that(可省略)、if/whether、疑问词(what, where等)。
时态一致:主句过去时,从句需用相应过去时态。
-例: He told me (that) he was tired.
✅定语从句
用法:修饰名词或代词,由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导。
- 例:The boy who is standing there is my brother.
✅条件状语从句
用法:由if, unless等引导,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
- 例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
✅虚拟语气
用法:表示与事实相反的情况或不可能实现的愿望。
在PET中,常见的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,结构为“If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were),主语+would/could/might+动词原形”
- 例:If I were you, I would study harder.