3月15日托福考试落下帷幕，考情速递也已经出炉了！
这次考试，口语部分又玩起了
“混合态度”的花样
but又双叒叕考到原题了！
口语、写作均出现3.1题目~
同学们觉得这次考得如何？
期待备考同学们都能顺利上岸！
备考的同学速速集合！快来看看本场具体考了哪些内容吧
阅读
R 1
Parental Care by frogs
第一段：据估计，仅有约 10% 的无尾目动物（青蛙和蟾蜍）物种会提供某种形式的亲代抚育。在这 10% 的物种中，亲代抚育行为具有非常大的多样性，主要有五种基本类型，最常见的是照料卵，多数情况下是照料陆地上的卵，其他四种类型分别是运输卵、照料幼蛙或蝌蚪（青蛙发育的未成熟阶段）、运输蝌蚪或幼蛙以及喂养蝌蚪。
第二段：亲代抚育一般指在卵产出或幼体出生后，亲代对后代的任何形式的投入。只有少数研究调查了两栖动物亲代抚育的成本和收益，虽然亲代抚育大概能提高幼体的存活率，并且通常会给抚育者带来一定成本，但对于绝大多数会照料后代的青蛙物种，其亲代抚育的成本和收益尚不明确。
第三段：亲代抚育通过多种方式提高后代的存活率。亲代可能保护卵免受捕食者或疾病侵害，或者为水生卵通气。由于陆地环境对两栖动物多孔且有胶状覆盖物的卵或蝌蚪不适宜，亲代行为在防止它们变干方面尤其有益，比如有些物种的亲代会从膀胱释放水分到卵上。亲代还可能翻动卵以防止发育异常。在新几内亚，一些物种的雄蛙会在背上运输幼蛙，幼蛙在栖息地的不同地方跳下，这样它们能从减少的食物竞争、较低的捕食压力和减少的近亲繁殖中受益。
第四段：波多黎各科基蛙的护卵行为的益处最为人熟知。雌性科基蛙在雄性的领地内一个隐蔽的地方产卵，然后雄性照料卵。为了定护卵的益处，丹尼尔・汤森及其同事将一些卵群（同时产出的卵组）的护卵雄性移走，以观察有雄性照料和无雄性照料的卵的命运。结果显示，无雄性照料的卵群比有照料的卵群更容易失败，无照料卵群死亡的主要原因是被其他雄性科基蛙吃掉和变干。雄性科基蛙是其他科基蛙卵的重要捕食者，护卵的雄性会积极保卫自己的领地免受其他雄性的侵扰，并且还能保护卵群不被晒干。
第五段：大多数两栖动物不表现出亲代抚育行为，这表明亲代抚育对亲代来说存在成本，且这些成本可能超过后代存活率提高所带来的收益。亲代抚育的成本之一是繁殖产出减少，表现出亲代抚育的物种通常每窝产出的卵比不进行亲代抚育的相关物种少。此外，花在亲代抚育上的时间和精力可能限制了额外交配的机会。
另一个成本是进行抚育的亲代食物摄入量减少，亲代在守卫巢穴或卵时通常不进食，与卵待在一起的雌性总体上产出的卵群数量比不与卵待在一起的雌性少。亲代存活率降低是亲代抚育的另一个潜在成本，与卵待在一起会增加个体被捕食的脆弱性，由于大多数两栖动物体型小且对脊椎动物捕食者的防御能力弱，亲代抚育可能增加亲代死亡的风险，并且可能无法拯救它们的卵或幼体。
第六段：在某些情况下亲代抚育会得以进化。如果亲代能够足够提高后代的存活率以抵消所涉及的成本，我们预计亲代抚育就会进化。如果环境条件恶劣，或者卵或幼体面临的捕食压力高，亲代抚育的益处可能超过成本。在一些情况下亲代抚育的成本可能是最小的，例如当亲代在捕食者不易接近的隐蔽巢穴照料后代时。对于雌性来说，如果由于其他原因繁殖产出已经受到限制，亲代抚育的成本可能最小，比如如果雌性通常每个季节只产一窝卵，照料这窝卵可能不会明显减少繁殖产出。对于雄性来说，如果他能在照料后代的同时保卫领地并吸引更多雌性，那么亲代抚育的成本也可能最小。
R 2
Chinampas
第一段：15 和 16 世纪，阿兹特克帝国横跨如今墨西哥的中部和南部，涵盖高地和低地。在相对平坦的低地和一些浅湖床地区，灌溉农业占主导。人们建造了大面积的洪水灌溉系统，水中携带的营养物质和土壤颗粒使土壤得到强化和补充，无需休耕。灌溉比休耕技术更为集约，能带来更多剩余产品并养活更多人口，还可能使用了作物轮作和肥料来提高产量。靠近天然泉水的土地可由泉水永久灌溉，墨西哥盆地南部泉水众多，集中了大量灌溉农业系统，这些系统能在雨季来临前获取水源，使作物能提前种植并在霜冻季节前成熟，生产可靠性较高。
第二段：灌溉农业最集约的形式是奇南帕田。奇南帕田是从淡水湖浅床开垦出的高产土地，呈长矩形，宽 2 到 4 米，长 20 到 40 米，高出水面约 1 米，虽被误称为 “浮动花园”，但在霍奇米尔科及周边城市仍在耕种且是热门旅游景点。奇南帕田通过在湖泊浅水区交替堆积植被和泥土建造，起初用木桩固定，后来种植在角落和边缘的柳树根系使其稳固。整个地块是持续耕种的深厚腐殖质基础，四周有运河和步道，从相邻运河取水灌溉。尽管土壤能不断得到养分补充，但可能还使用了其他肥料、作物轮作和多种作物种植来提高产量。
第三段：奇南帕田种植多种作物，包括玉米、豆类、辣椒、苋菜、番茄和花卉。有充分迹象表明，当时的奇南帕田农民像如今一样，先在小苗床播种，待种子发芽后再移植到整个奇南帕田，玉米可能是唯一无需此阶段的作物。苗床技术能确保更高回报，因为只有发芽的植物才被移植，还使耕种者能在作物种植上有一定重叠，即一种作物即将收获时，另一种作物可在苗床发芽，减少了种植间隔。如今和 16 世纪时，每年任何一块奇南帕田都可能种植 7 种不同作物。
第四段：奇南帕田系统的集约性、可靠性和多样性固然重要，但必须结合其供养的人口来考量。通过对 16 世纪文献的广泛研究，爱德华・卡尔内克得出结论：较大的奇南帕田持有量通常只能提供家庭生存收入的不超过 15%，很多情况下实际贡献估计不到家庭需求的 1%，小地块的奇南帕田甚至难以理解为何还被保留。
卡尔内克认为其价值更多在于专门生产新鲜蔬菜而非总体产量，花卉也是城市奇南帕田可生产的重要易腐产品，宗教节日和政治宴会常离不开大量芳香花卉。在这些地区，家庭可能通过市场上交换特色产品或国家分配来满足生存需求。在人口密集的城市地区之外，奇南帕田地块通常较大，居住家庭较小，这样的家庭不仅能依靠自己的奇南帕田生产自给自足，还能产出大量剩余产品，这尤其适用于墨西哥盆地南部湖岸，如霍奇米尔科和查尔科周围，那里奇南帕田数量最多。
R 3
The Greek Revival
第一段：约公元前 1100 年迈锡尼希腊文明崩溃后，希腊经历了约三个世纪鲜为人知的黑暗时代。公元前 776 年（首届奥运会冠军首次被记录的年份）标志着希腊历史新时期 —— 古风时代（持续到公元前 500 年）的开始，带来了文化、经济和政治的复兴。黑暗时代人口增长使希腊本土土地无法产出足够农产品，于是进口食物，促进了希腊商业和贸易商品生产的扩张，这导致希腊与腓尼基人产生直接冲突，希腊人凭借灵活的战舰从腓尼基人手中夺取了重要贸易路线的控制权。
第二段：解决人口过剩问题的另一个办法是海外寻找新农田。在约公元前 750 年至 550 年的殖民浪潮中，希腊城市在黑海、亚得里亚海、地中海沿岸（北非、法国、西班牙等地）建立殖民地，且多占据沿海地区。例如科林斯在西西里建立了锡拉库萨城，大量移民进入南意大利和西西里西部（即 “大希腊”）。殖民地与母城文化、社会结构和政府相同，虽有情感联系但完全独立。由于殖民者多为男性，他们与当地居民混居，传播了希腊文化，使其在地中海地区乃至中欧和南俄得以扩散。
第三段：希腊贸易的复兴也将近东文化引入希腊。希腊人从腓尼基人处借用字母以满足记录需求，从吕底亚人那里学会了铸币，科林斯和雅典的银币成为地中海世界的标准货币。同时希腊人吸收了艺术理念，黑暗时代简单的几何图案让位于东方影响，希腊雕塑有了埃及风格，陶器描绘了许多东方图案，但希腊人总是根据自己的喜好对所借鉴的东西进行修改，如在硬币两面设计图案、将腓尼基字母的一些辅音变为元音，且陶工和雕塑家很快采用了自己的神话传说作为设计元素。
第四段：希腊陶器是重要的贸易商品。一些陶器用于仪式（如作为墓碑的大瓮），但多数是实用的，如用来储存食物的双耳细颈瓶以及各种餐具。希腊陶工成为公认的制陶大师，所有希腊城市都生产本地用陶器，重要贸易城市的陶器在古代世界备受珍视。公元前 6 世纪，科林斯以浅色背景上的黑色图案陶器闻名，到公元前 500 年，雅典的黑底红像陶器成为流行风格。
第五段：在古风时代，希腊人开始建造石头神庙，这些神庙既是公民自豪感的象征，也是为了纪念主要神灵。神庙通常为简单的矩形，由外部石柱支撑瓦顶，这种建筑风格最终也在地中海地区传播开来。
R4
Early Production of Paper in Europe
R5
The Declineof the Arctic Fox in Scandinavia
R6
The Rise of the Maya
R7
Early domestication and Agriculture
R8
Economic Reasoning
听力
C 1
校园里，一名学生问保安自己的的车是不是被拖走了。紧接着，她解释道，自己把车停在了宿舍楼前的停车场，还买了停车许可证呢。可没注意到许可证午夜就过期了。”
保安听后，向她说明停车许可证没有夜间停车的权限，所以她的车极有可能已经被拖走了。她可以去离校园两条街远的地方取车，取车的时候得带上车辆的基本信息，像车牌号之类的。
学生想去学校植物园自习，教授给她解释植物园之间的区别。
L 1
海洋学
教授详细阐释了海洋保护区的设立情况，以及其在保护海洋资源与栖息地方面所发挥的关键作用，尤其是对鱼类生存繁衍和珊瑚礁生态稳定的重要影响。MPA 的选址与规模大小，很大程度上取决于鱼类种群的分布扩散模式。
鱼类的扩散模式大致可分为封闭型和开放型两类。封闭型鱼群从出生起，终其一生都栖息在最初诞生的珊瑚礁区域；而开放型鱼群则会在生长过程中迁徙至其他珊瑚礁地带。基于此特性，对于封闭型种群，设立一个能覆盖单一珊瑚礁的 MPA 便足以实现有效保护；但对于开放型种群而言，由于其活动范围广泛，就需要多个保护区协同作用。
在过去，研究者主要借助海洋模拟的手段，来预测鱼卵和幼鱼的扩散路径。然而，这种传统方法存在一定局限性，它默认幼鱼在整个扩散过程中完全被动地随水流漂移，却忽视了幼鱼自身具备主动游动的能力这一重要因素。
随着研究技术的不断进步，诸如 DNA 测试等新方法应运而生。这些新方法揭示出，众多鱼种，特别是像小丑鱼这类小型鱼类，大多属于封闭型种群。小丑鱼幼鱼阶段持续时间较短，且游动时贴近海底，水流难以将其远距离携带，所以，对它们栖息地的保护工作相对而言更为简易。这些新发现为更精准地划定 MPA 的范围提供了有力依据，助力提升海洋保护工作的科学性与有效性。
生物学
探讨了蚊子的行为。教授指出，尽管许多人认为蚊子的主要食物是血液，但实际上，它们的主要能量来源是植物糖分。蚊子通过吸食花蜜和植物汁液获取飞行所需的能量，而只有雌性蚊子才需要吸血，以获取卵子发育所需的蛋白质。某些蚊种即便不吸血也能产卵，但吸血后能产下更多卵子。
教授进一步解释，雌性蚊子会从血液中提取氨基酸，用于合成卵黄蛋白，而雄性蚊子则完全依赖植物糖分获取营养，并不需要血液。为了寻找血源，雌性蚊子能够感知二氧化碳、热量和体味，甚至在50米外就能嗅到目标。一旦锁定合适的宿主，蚊子便会开始吸血。它们的唾液中含有抗凝血物质和麻醉成分，使吸血过程不易被宿主察觉。
最后，教授补充道，尽管雌性蚊子吸血以繁殖后代，但它们仍然依赖植物糖分提供持续的能量。因此，蚊子的消化系统能够储存糖分，使其在吸血后依然保持能量供应，以便在下一次吸血机会到来之前维持生存和活动。
L 2
艺术学
教授对 “外光派” 绘画运动展开了介绍。外光派，区别于传统在室内画室创作的方式，倡导艺术家直接在户外进行绘画。
这一绘画运动最早于 17 世纪在罗马萌芽，不过，直至 19 世纪，才在欧洲与美国广泛流行开来。外光派画家们将精准描绘自然光线、氛围以及天气的动态变化视为创作追求。
19 世纪，两项重要发明极大地推动了外光派的发展，它们分别是便携的 “法式画架” 以及锡制颜料管。有了这些工具，画家们在户外创作时，不仅能够便捷地安置画架，还能轻松携带颜料，为户外作画提供了前所未有的便利条件。
法国印象派画家深受外光派的启发，像莫奈，他尤为钟情户外作画，甚至宣称 “自然是他的画室”。莫奈常常会在不同的时间点对同一场景进行绘画，目的是捕捉在各异光线下场景所呈现出的独特效果。他的这一创作方法，进一步扩大了外光派的影响力，让更多人了解并关注到这种绘画方式。
教授鼓励学生们亲身到户外去尝试外光派绘画。在实践过程中，要仔细观察自然光线对场景所产生的影响。由于户外光线变化迅速，教授特别强调作画速度的重要性，需快速捕捉光影瞬间。同时，尽管要尽可能准确地描绘眼前所见场景，但也可根据创作意图，有选择地省略那些无关紧要的元素，以此突出画作的核心主题 。
C 2
学生前往办公室，与老师探讨论文相关事宜。老师告知学生，自己即将参加一个重要会议。学生听闻，不禁疑惑地问道：“老师，您该不会是想让我在这个会议上做论文展示吧？” 老师与学生交流了许久，随后澄清道：“并非如此。我是希望你能协助我做些事情。这个会议汇聚了众多学术领域的高端人士，若能借此机会结识他们，将对我的学术发展大有裨益。
师生讨论。
学生选择了“婴儿语言指导”作为她presentation的主题，想讲解婴儿对较高音调（pitch）和较慢语速的语言反应，说明这种语言方式不仅有助于婴儿语言习得，还能增强婴儿与照顾者之间的情感联系。学生在研究过程中发现了一项关于“狗狗语言指导”的研究，想将其加入演讲中并通过自己家的小狗进行实验。教授建议，演讲应聚焦于婴儿的语言指导，而非动物。学生与教授沟通后，决定调整思路，探讨语言的内容与音调这两个变量对婴儿反应的影响，教授认为这是一个很有前景的研究方向。
L 3
考古学
人们通常认为最早的文明始于中东肥沃半弯南部的Akkadian文明，而Hurrian是个被Akkadian控制的次要文明。但随着对Hurrian首都挖掘与研究，考古学家推翻了这个想法。Urkash出土了一个粘土印章，上面刻着Hurrian国王的名字和“Urkash之王”的称号，证实了Urkash的存在。随国王印章出土的还有很多王后的印章，证明王后的权力很大。同时，王后是个Akkadian名字，这也说明Hurrain是个与Akkadian齐名的大国，而非受制于人的小国。
在Hurrian灭亡后，首都Urkash的宗教中心在一千年后依然保存完好，这表明后来的文明深受Hurrian宗教习俗的影响。
口语
TASK 1独立口语题
Task 1:（套一）
Given the choice, many people would prefer to live in an older or more historic building or house. Others would prefer to live in a more modern building or house. Which would you prefer, and why?
Task 2:（套二）
In order to be successful, some prefer to take risks while others prefer to keep cautious and careful. Which one do you think is the better way to succeed?
Task 3:（套三）
Some people think children should wear uniforms to school. Others believe uniforms should not be required. Which point of view do you agree with? Support
TASK 2校园题
Task 2:（套一）
In the reading,it is suggested that the school should allow students to rent bikes for the whole semester. Currently, students can only rent bikes for 24 hours and have to return them to the gym. There are two reasons. First, it can save timeas students don't need to return the bikes to the gym every day. Second, students will take better care of the bikes, and they can send the bikes to the gym for free maintenance.
The man in the conversation agrees with this suggestion. He has an early class in the morning and the gym is far from his dormitory. If he can ride a bike directly to class, it will be much more convenient and he can sleep a little longer.In fact, at the beginning of this semester, he got the bike in the morning and rode it to class. It was indeed faster.
Besides, he thinks the maintenance method is feasiblebecause many students don't know how to repair bikes by themselves, and regular check - ups are also good for the bikes.
套题2
In the reading, the student suggests that group study should be prohibited in the study loungeand students should go to the library instead. There are two reasons. One is to keep the quiet environment, and the other is to ensure everyone can use the study lounge. The man in the conversation agrees with this suggestion.First, maintaining a quiet atmosphere is crucial.If group study is allowed in the study lounge, it will be messy and definitely affect students' study. When students are trying to concentrate on their own work, the noise from group discussions can be a huge distraction.
Also, it's about the fair use of resources. The space in the study lounge is limited. If group study is permitted, it's likely that one group may take up a large part of the space, leaving insufficient room for individual students. On the contrary, the library is more suitable for group study as it usually has enough tables and chairs to accommodate groups without causing such problems.
套题3
In the reading, the student proposes thatthe school should add shuttle buses directly to nearby cities to facilitate students' trips home during vacationsbecause this would be convenientand specific schedules could be arranged. The student in the conversation doesn't fully agree. On one hand, adding these shuttle buses would greatly improve students' travel convenience.
During vacations, students currently have to transfer between different means of transportation multiple times, which consumes a great deal of time and energy. With the addition of direct shuttle buses, students would reduce the hassle of traveling and be able to get home much faster.
On the other hand, the studentdoesn’t support the time - arrangement aspect because it would lack flexibility.Some students may finish their exams ahead of schedule, and some may want to return to school earlier. A fixed - schedule shuttle bus would not be able to meet the diverse needs of these students, thus lacking the flexibility they require.
TASK 3学术讲座题
套题1
In the reading, “Active Evolution” means that living things change to fit their environment or get an edge in surviving.A group of organisms can change the way their genes are distributed in the group. They do this by doing things on purpose or by changing how their bodies work. This change in the genes helps them evolve.In the listening, the professor gives an example of a plant in lawns.There is a kind of plant that grows in lawns. About 100 years ago, lawnmowers became popular in the United States. Since this plant had long stems, it was often cut off by lawnmowers. As a result, within just 100 years, this plant evolved a coping strategy. Instead of growing vertically upwards, it started to grow horizontally. In this way, it was less likely to be cut by lawnmowers. So, this kind of grass has achieved evolution to adapt to the new external environment through active evolution.
套题2
TheOversimplified Cause Fallacyoccurs when analyzing the causes of a phenomenon or event by attributing it to a single factor in an overly simplistic manner, while neglecting other potentially significant or even critical contributing factors.
For instance, someone might claim that a rise in a city’s crime rate is solely due to reduced police patrols. However, in reality, increased crime could result from multiple interconnected factors. Beyond fewer patrols, it might involve economic downturns leading to higher unemployment (which drives some to crime out of desperation), declining educational attainment in communities (contributing to skewed values among certain groups), or the spread of violent media content influencing behavior. Focusing exclusively on police patrols exemplifies this fallacy.
Another example is attributing a company’s declining performance purely to high product pricing. Yet, the downturn might stem from a combination of issues like deteriorating product quality, intensified market competition, flawed marketing strategies, or inadequate after-sales service. Blaming only the product’s price oversimplifies the cause.By ignoring complex, multifaceted influences, this fallacy undermines accurate analysis and problem-solving.
套题3
The concept of specialization mentioned in the reading means that some animals don't need to compete with others for food because they've developed special skills. This adaptation is highly beneficial for their survival, allowing them to thrive in their respective habitats. In the listening, the professor takes the koala as an example to illustrate specialization. Koalas have a unique diet, feeding almost exclusively on eucalyptus leaves. Eucalyptus contains toxins that make the leaves poisonous to most other animals, making them inedible. Consequently, no other animals compete with koalas for this foodsource. Koalas don't get poisoned because they've evolved a specialized digestive system over time. Their digestive system is uniquely designed to break down and process these toxic leaves efficiently. In this case, specialization gives koalas a distinct advantage by eliminating competition in food acquisition, thus ensuring the stability of their food supply. This stable food source, in turn, contributes to the overall well - being and survival of the koala population in the wild.
TASK 4 学术讲座题
套题1
The professor discusses two different types of suspense in movies that are used to capture viewers' attention.The first type is leaving suspense at the end. For instance, in a movie, two characters are looking for gold. At different times, one might take the lead, only to fall behind in the next moment. They also obtain new clues from time to time. The reason the audience keeps watching is out of curiosity to find out who will be the first to discover the gold in the grand finale. This uncertainty about the ending creates a strong pull, making the viewers anticipate the final result. The second type is creating suspense during the process. In this case, the audience can more or less guess the ending, but they are unsure about the entire process that leads to it. As a result, they feel compelled to watch the movie to learn how things unfold. Consider a romantic - comedy as an example. The viewers are fairly certain that the two main characters will end up falling in love. However, they are intrigued to know the details of how this love blossoms. Will they have a chance encounter as they pass each other on the street? Or will they meet while having a meal at the same restaurant? These uncertainties about the process create suspense, enticing the audience to follow the story to uncover the full sequence of events.
套题2
In tropical areas, mountain plants possess two distinct features. The first feature is the leathery texture of their leaves.These leathery leaves are relatively hard and thick, with a waxy layer on the surface. This characteristic effectively reduces water loss. In the mountainous environment of tropical areas, where the wind can be strong, the waxy and thick - textured leaves also help the plants resist mechanical damage from the strong winds. The second feature is that these plants are compact in shape and have numerous branches. The compact plant form can decrease the force exerted by strong winds on the whole plant, thus reducing the risk of being blown over. A large number of branches increase the area for photosynthesis. This is beneficial for the plants to accumulate nutrients, which is essential for maintaining their growth and survival in such an environment.
套题3
Work Incentives refer to a series of reward measures established by enterprises or organizations to motivate employees, improve work efficiency, and enhance performance. Some stores don't pay employees based on working hours but use an incentive - based salary system, which means they pay according to employees' performance. However, according to the professor, this system brings two problems. First, it's difficult to correctly determine who should be rewarded.Take the employees in a computer store for example. One employee spends a lot of time and effort introducing products to a customer. But the customer doesn't make a purchase on the same day. The next day, another employee receives the customer and finalizes the sale. Eventually, the employee who helps with the checkout gets the reward, while the one who originally put in the effort to introduce the products doesn't. Second, it leads to competition among employees and makes them reluctant to help each other. For instance, experienced sales employees, in order to maintain their excellent performance and obtain high rewards, are unwilling to share their skills and experience. As a result, other employees have no way to learn how to sell products effectively.
写作
综合写作
The writer believesthat the most typical feature of marsupials like kangaroos is a patch of skin on their abdomen to protect their newborn babies. Some scientists believe that these marsupials are more primitive and less adaptable to new environments than those with placenta.However, the professor’s lecture casts doubt on the reading.
To begin with, bagged animals are often born in the later stages of development, while placental animals are born only after they have grown up. Therefore, the offspring of marsupials often develop poorly and are not fully developed, resulting in poor immune function. Correspondingly, it is more likely to die prematurely. The professor in the lecture challenges the opinion, for the reason that little kangaroos live in their mother's womb for a very long time. It can grow in a protected environment. And you can also drink your mother's milk, which can absorb the antibodies in your mother's body to resist infection. Furthermore, it increased the immunity of the kangaroo itself
In addition,the temperature changes of marsupials are often greater than those of placental animals, which is actually more dangerous. This indicates that marsupials cannot control their body temperature well, and therefore cannot guarantee their optimal survival state. However, the professor maintains an opposite opinion thatmarsupials can also control their body temperature, for example, some small kangaroos intentionally lower their body temperature to save energy. This way, they don't need to consume so much food, so they can control their body temperature well, which helps them survive.
In the end, the writer holds the viewthatwhen there is competition between marsupials and placental animals in South America, it is evident that marsupials often have limited adaptability. However, animals only dominate in Australia because placental animals only entered Australia in recent centuries. Whereas, the professor in the lecture believes, on the contrary of reading,mammals arrived in Australia a long time ago and lived there millions of years ago. So marsupials and placental animals have been competing for a long time. In this case, marsupials still dominate, indicating that marsupials have strong adaptability.
学术讨论
Your professor is teaching a class . Write a post responding to the professor's question.In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Dr. Achebe
This week, we will be discussing space exploration.Some people think that it is a waste of money for governments to fund space exploration. Others disagree with this view, arguing that space exploration is a valuable and necessary investment for our future. They think that it is worthy for governments to fund space exploration. l want to know what you think about this topic. Do you think that governments should fund space exploration?Why or why not?
Kelly:
I don't think that governments should fund space exploration,because it will be too costly to build spaceships and develop related technologies. Though space exploration tech costs billions, it doesn't offer direct benefits to most people, which makes its funding a controversial issue.
Andrew：
Personally, I do think that all the costs will be worth it. The potential scientific discoveries and technological advancements could have far-reaching impacts that justify the initial investment. Imagine the new inventions that might come from this exploration. Such technology could greatly improve our everyday lives.
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