托福考试第二个写作任务从独立写作变成学术讨论之后，写作时间缩短，虽然在内容量上让考生轻松了很多，但其对考生审题和成文速度的要求也明显提高了。那么，对于平时写作练习量有限的考生来说，如何有效备考，或者说有没有近道可抄？我们到底应该如何准备，才是最高效的方法呢？
其实有一个简单易操作的方法，对于备考时间有限，而且平时练习量不足的同学来说，是很好用的。既然我们最核心的内容只有一段，并且时间非常紧张，几乎不能让我们进行深入构思。最简单的方式一定是：直接准备一段论述的框架，考试时根据主题向其中填写具体的内容。接下来，我为大家逐个解释每一步应该怎么做：
核心方法——【范文拆解】
🔻包括五个步骤：
① 找到一个核心段落
② 挖框架（挖出逻辑词、重要短语、句型），其余内容省略号表示
③ 挖优秀内容（优秀词组搭配、排比举例、同义词并列等）
④ 积累主题相关词汇
⑤ 用积累好的内容，写一段同主题文章
01、找到核心段落
Universities should, first of all, be learning communities where knowledge is not only disseminated but also advanced. As full-fledged members of this community, students should not be information recipients who learn the knowledge in a passive way. Instead, they should be challenged to achieve their potential and, indeed, to excel. Therefore, rather than focus merely on knowledge dissemination and transfer, universities should contrive to provide learning conditions that encourage students to remain curious, to value diversity in opinions and perspectives, and to think critically and communicate effectively. In this way, students can gain problem-solving experience and confidence.
（来自《剑桥雅思高分写作范文》中关于学校教育体系主题的一篇范文）
02、挖出框架
Universities should, first of all, be learning ……should, first of all, be……where……is not only……but also……. As （full-fledged members of ……）,……should not be……who……. Instead, they should……and, indeed, to…….Therefore, rather than……,……should （contrive to）……, to……, and to …….In this way, ……can…….
03、挖出优秀表达
【not only desseminated but also advanced】
【information recipients】
【achieve sb's potential】
【knowledge dessemination and transfer】
【contrive to】
【opinions and perspectives】
【think critically and communicate effectively】
04、积累主题相关词汇
1. 建立高频主题词库：
根据近年高频考题，整理教育类（如critical thinking, interpersonal skills）、科技类（如digital literacy, AI ethics）、环境类（carbon footprint, sustainable development）等8大主题的核心术语
2. 收集万能学术表达：
衔接词库：while, whereas, given that, in light of the fact that...
论证动词：bolster, undermine, substantiate, negate
程度副词：profoundly, significantly, moderately
3. 制作同义替换表：
原词 → 升级表达
important → pivotal/crucial/indispensable
help → facilitate/bolster/catalyze
bad → detrimental/counterproductive
4. 主题联想记忆法：
以"教育目标"为例，建立词汇网络：
▫️ 认知维度：
critical analysis, conceptual understanding
▫️ 技能维度：
problem-solving aptitude, collaborative competence
▫️ 情感维度：
emotional intelligence, cultural sensitivity
05、实战写作训练
■ 分阶段练习法：
1. 框架填空训练（2天）
使用现成模板，限时5分钟完成段落填空
Example框架：
"Educational institutions ought to serve as __(比喻)__ where __(核心功能1)__ and __(核心功能2)__ coexist. Proponents of __(反方观点)__ often overlook the __(关键缺陷)__. In reality, __(学科知识)__ without __(软技能)__ is like __(类比)__."
2. 模块组合训练（3天）
打乱不同主题的框架模块进行拼接，培养应变能力
Example组合：
教育类开头 + 科技类论证 + 职场类结论
3. 限时模拟考试（2天）
严格按考试流程操作：
00:00-00:02 审题决策
00:02-00:05 框架调用
00:05-00:08 内容填充
00:08-00:10 润色检查
4. 智能反馈优化
使用Grammarly检查语法错误
用Quillbot检测学术化程度
通过ChatGPT进行逻辑漏洞分析
■ 高分升级技巧：
1. 学术化表达公式：
基础句：Schools should teach communication skills.
升级句：Educational institutions ought to incorporate interpersonal competency development into curricular design.
2. 辩证论证模板：
"While proponents of __(反方)__ may argue that __(论点)__, this perspective fails to account for __(反驳点)__. A case in point is __(案例)__, which clearly demonstrates __(结论)__."
3. 数据模糊化技巧：
▫️ 研究结论：
Recent pedagogical studies indicate that...
▫️ 统计数据：
A substantial proportion of Fortune 500 CEOs...
▫️ 调查报告：
HR managers consistently report that...
通过完整五步训练，考生可系统掌握：框架复用（节省5分钟）+ 词汇调用（提升用词分）+ 快速论证（保障TR分数）的核心能力。建议每个主题完成3次迭代练习：首次用现成模板→第二次替换50%词汇→第三次自主重组框架，逐步实现从模仿到创造的过渡。
📍利用以上素材，写一段同主题文章
例如，2024年3月6日题目：
Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response you should do the following.
· Express and support your opinion.
· Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Doctor Smith
This week, we'll examine issues in education reform. For example, some educators think that by focusing mainly on foundational knowledge in subjects like reading, math, and science, schools are not fully preparing students for success in the workplace. These educators argue that soft skills-nonacademic skills such as being empathetic or having a strong work ethic-should be part of the curriculum, with classroom time dedicated to developing these skills. Do you agree? Why or why not？
Amy
I agree. While students need a strong foundation in academic subjects, soft skills are important because they affect how well students do their work. If classroom time is set aside for these skills, students will take them seriously and their academic work will benefit. Teachers could design lessons so that students learn about a skill and then do role-playing activities with classmates.
Rory
Soft skills are important, but I don't agree with using classroom time to work on them. I'm not sure how teachers would measure students' progress in developing these skills. If students' progress can't be measured on something taught, I'm not sure if there's any point to teaching.
🔴 Step1.【审题】
核心点是要不要利用课堂时间教授软技能
🔴 Step2.【快速选择论点】
要（软技能对学生个人发展重要：secure a good job/ be more socialble and interact with others smoothly）
不要（教授自己也不一定做的好）
✅对比来看，第一点能说的东西更多，遂选择teach soft skills on class
🔴 Step3.【把框架放进来】
……should, first of all, be……where……is not only……but also……. As （full-fledged members of ……）,……should not be……who……. Instead, they should……and, indeed, to…….Therefore, rather than……,……should （contrive to）……, to……, and to …….In this way, ……can…….
🔴 Step4.【根据主题补充内容】
Universities should, first of all, be comprenhensive communities where students are not only knowledge leaners, but also well-rounded human beings. As full-fledged members of our society, students should not be just work recipients who can only implement intructions with out their own independent thinking. Instead, they should be capable of making plans and, indeed, regulating the healthy and sustainable development progress for our society or community as a whole. Therefore, rather than simply foster knowledge dessemination of academic subjects, professors should contrive to assist students in developing the ability to show empathy towards social affairs, and to grow essential work ethic. In this way, they can better excel at more influential professions and ultimately achieve their full potential in our society.
通过以上的步骤，大家可以自己尝试以下，几乎在6-8分钟之内我们就可以写完整段话，并且从内容上来说，是逻辑严密、结构完整，遣词造句高效的一个优秀段落，接下来，再在首尾补充必要的回应题目和总结全文的内容以及检查语法、润色和升级词汇，就可以轻松拿到一个不错的成绩。
一般情况下，在考试前，同学们需要做至少十篇这样的拆解练习，涵盖不同的主题。接着，用积累下的内容，写十篇对应主题的文章，之后纠正行文逻辑以及语法上的问题。这样的训练基本使用七天时间，每天1-2小时完全可以搞定。
如果按照这个方法进行训练，考试前大家应该积累了十个段落框架，很多优秀表达以及十个主题相关词汇。精选一个你自己最喜欢的框架，或者通过拼凑剪辑，自己重组出一个最趁自己手感和语感的段落框架，考试就用它了。
当然，如果考生需要获得绝对高分并同步要达到写作实力提升的目的，除了积累框架和高分表达，还需要参与系统的课程学习+与老师的反复沟通，在老师的指导下，实现写作能力的真正飞跃。
【竞赛报名/项目咨询+微信：mollywei007】
