英国IBO中级生物竞赛详细介绍

全球权威的生物学术组织 鼓励学生挑战课堂以外的生物学知识 增加世界名校医学、生物等理科专业申请优势

英国生物测评（中级）IBO介绍

英国生物测评（中级）（Intermediate Biology Olympiad）面向高一、高二年级（GCSE和A1），是英国生物测评的初阶活动。不仅考察学生的生物学知识，还鼓励他们在校外继续学习生物科学。成绩优秀者将增加世界名校医学、生物等理科专业申请优势。

英国中级生物奥林匹克活动由英国生物奥林匹克委员会组织，由英国皇家生物学会管理。从 2020 年起正式授权 ASDAN 中国（阿思丹）成为其在中国的承办单位。

英国皇家生物学会（简称 RSB）, 总部位于伦敦市中心，拥有 16000 多名会员，汇聚了 100 多个国家生物界的著名科学家和生物研究人员，为全球极具影响力的生物学术组织之一。

IBO比赛相关信息活动规则

语言：中英文

考试时间：2022年 11 月 13 日（周日）14:00-15:00（60分钟）

报名截止时间：2022年11月2日

参赛资格：任意年级高中生

形式：个人赛

范围∶25%动物解剖学及生理学，20%细胞生物学，15%遗传与进化，15%植物解剖学及生理学，15%生态学，5%动物行为学，5%生物分类学

内容∶约72道选择题与填空题，总分72分 （注∶每年题目数量与题型、总分略有变化）

奖项设置

全球奖项：（全球代表统一排名）

金牌 Gold，2021 年分数线为：59.50，约前 7%

银牌 Silver，2021 年分数线为：55.11，约前 18%

铜牌 Bronze，2021 年分数线为：50.63，约前 38%

杰出奖 Highly Commended，2021 年分数线为：47.19，约前 54%

优秀奖 Commended，2021 年分数线为：44.05，约前 70%  

*备注：该活动全球奖项评分规则如下：金奖、银奖、铜奖、杰出奖、优秀奖奖项将首先按照英国国籍学生的成绩分别以 总分排名约 5%、15%、30%、45%、60% 的比例划出得奖分数线，然后其他国家学生成绩不按照总分排名比例，而是直 接参照获奖分数线来决定是否得奖。

考试内容

中级生物奥林匹克竞赛的核心主题与AQA、Edexcel、OCR AS/A级的教学大纲相一致。  

1. Biological Molecules

• Concepts of monomers, polymers, condensation & hydrolysis reactions

• Monosaccharides, e.g. and  glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

• Di-/polysaccharides, e.g. sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellulose, starch (amylose, amylopectin)

• Quantitative Benedict’s test, iodine test for starch

• Glycerol, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), triglycerides, ester bond formation, phospholipids, emulsion test

• Amino acids, levels of protein structure (including types of non-covalent bonds involved), peptide bond formation, Biuret test

• Haemoglobin and collagen as examples of globular and fibrous proteins (detailed structure of collagen often omitted)

• DNA and RNA structure and formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

• Semi-conservative replication of DNA

• Structure of ATP and basic role in cells

• Enzymes: lock and key and induced fit models of action; effect of pH, temperature, enzyme/substrate concentration, inhibitors (competitive and non-competitive) (cofactors/coenzymes sometimes included)

• Role of inorganic ions

• Biologically important properties of water

2. Cell Structure

• Structure of eukaryotic cells, including:

• cell-surface membrane

• nucleus (containing chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleoli)

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

• Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles

• lysosomes

• ribosomes

• rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• cell wall

• cell vacuole

• Structure of prokaryotic cells

• Cytoskeleton sometimes included – usually just actin and tubulin

• Manipulating magnification for light and electron micrographs (usually including use of graticules)

• Use of stains in light microscopy

• Characteristics of light and electron microscopes

• Cell cycle – the main stages of mitosis and meiosis

• Structure of the cell membrane, including phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, membrane proteins, cholesterol in the fluid mosaic model

• Membrane transport: active transport, facilitated diffusion, carrier and channel proteins, diffusion, osmosis (using water potential terminology)

3. Immune System

• Definition of antigen and structure and function of antibodies

• Phagocytosis

• Antigen presentation, stimulation of B cells, clonal selection and expansion, plasma cells

• Role of T cells (normally highly simplified and restricted to helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

• Primary and secondary immune responses

• Passive and active immunity

• HIV as an example of a pathogen (other syllabuses may include other diseases such as cholera, measles, TB, flu)

• Uses of monoclonal antibodies

4. a. Exchange Surfaces

• SA:Vol relationships for cells and organisms, features of exchange surfaces and the need for circulatory systems

• Examples of gas exchange systems: human always included, often fish gills or insect trachea

• Gas exchange in plants

• Mechanism of ventilation in humans and structure of trachea epithelium

• COPD and smoking

4. b. Circulatory Systems

• Structure of single and double circulatory systems (sometimes also open/closed)

• Structure and function of haemoglobin, including Bohr effect and transport of CO2 (sometimes also fetal haemoglobin and myoglobin)

• Structure of arteries, veins, capillaries

• Structure of the mammalian heart, including valves

• Electrical activity of the heart and role of AVN, SAN (sometimes ECG included)

• Formation and composition of tissue fluid

• CHD is on most syllabuses

4. c. Plant Transport

• Structure of xylem

• Cohesion-tension theory

• Structure of phloem

• Mass flow hypothesis

5. Molecular Genetics

• Structure of chromosomes, DNA and genes

• Role and structure of mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes

• The genetic code, transcription and translation

• Exons and introns and splicing of pre-mRNA

• Mutations and the effect on proteins

• Mutations as a source of genetic variation for natural selection

6. Biodiversity

• Hierarchical nature of taxonomic systems

• Three domains versus 5 kingdom classifications

• Idea of a phylogenetic classification

• Random and systematic sampling

• Simpson’s diversity index