2024年AP心理亚太-北美考情详解！

老师2024年AP大考考情解析持续进行中———今天由老师为同学们带来AP心理学北美/亚太卷真题解析。

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AP心理学亚太考情

单选特点

1.题干长，整体阅读难度加大

以前比较多的题干是直接考知识点，相对阅读压力小。

⚠️现在较多是用场景来描述，然后结合例子故事来判断知识点，再做相应的知识点考点匹配。

这样在时间和题量不变的情况下，整体阅读的压力大了很多，对考点的敏感度要求也随之变高，不然很容易来不及做完。

2.图表题、实验相关题变多

这两类题型以前的考点比重较少，现在图表题、实验相关题这两部分比例增多，需要同学们对实验、图表有较强的理解能力，如果不注意训练还是很容易在这部分丢分的。

3.涉及部分分析类选项

✅涉及部分分析类选项，需不同知识点联动通过排除法筛选。有些题目涉及到的内容不是直接在课本上以观点形式呈现的，需要同学们结合各类知识点来综合分析排除。

比如联觉的考点，并非只考一个概念，而是和它是否对绝对阈值、相对阈值等产生影响，然后再筛选选项答题。

简答题

第2题考察写完整的class，难度比去年稍低。

实验涉及和图表相关的理解考点比较固定，比如自变量因变量，实验涉及中的operational definition等，都是属于比较高频的考点了。

✅在明年的改革中也依然占据重要地位，是一直以来的训练重点。整体难度中等偏下。

案例分析的答题的考点也没有超纲部分，很多小点都属于考了较多次的。

✅比如第6章的几个发展阶段相关的理论

✅第2、3章中关于大脑区域、视觉感知的部分

✅第9章的几个attribution相关的概念。

都是属于常考点，难度中等，写的时候注意要结合关键词展开例子的解释。

亚太FRQ部分SET 1解析

Part A

Erik Erikson’s concept of integrity

Integrity作为Erik Erikson的人类八个发展阶段的最后一个阶段，同学们先要了解概念本身的含义。

在晚年（late adulthood）的时候，老人回首一生试图理解分析自己的一生（old adults try to make sense out of their lives），那么此时的完善无憾（integrity）意味着自己的一生整体都是美好没有遗憾的。

✅解题思路：

在本题的例子中，Sadie每周都能和女儿一家团聚，享受家庭时光。虽然以前家庭有过一些困难，但是大家还是克服了困难。那么当她回首自己一生的时候，应该觉得是满足、欣慰、没有遗憾的。这种想法也会让Sadie对现在的生活产生更积极的心态。

Sadie feels her whole life satisfying, even perfect, since she worked hard to help the whole family overcome financial crisis in the past and now, she can enjoy family gatherings every week. These experiences enable Sadie to hold a rather positive attitude in her life.

Crystallized intelligence

这个考点是老熟人啦，在2019，2021年的AP考试中都已经出现过了，同学们要注意和fluid intelligence的区别。下面这个是2021的考点：

✅概念介绍的时候要注意体现晶体智力（Crystallized intelligence）的特点关键词，比如关于知识/各类信息和单词的累积（accumulated knowledge，general information, or vocabulary）。

✅解题思路：

结合题目，我们可以具体说说晶体智力对于Sadie的积极影响。

比如Saide can tell the past stories vividly and accurately to the family because she can remember lots of facts and detailed situations in the past.

Context-dependent memory

2019我们曾经考了一道非常相似的题，同学们也可以重点区别下state-dependent和context-dependent的区别。

Internal locus of control

2021年我们也考了一道关于locus of control，同学们注意internal 和external的区别哦。

✅解题思路：

internal locus of control强调的是自身的努力和行为能够控制结果：

（own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences we experience）

✅在例子中可以结合Sadie她的故事来展开解释，比如：

when the family faced financial crisis in the past, Sadie believed she could lead the whole family get rid of it through her hard working, so she took 3 part-time jobs. With her hard-working, she did clean all the debt of her family. Her internal locus of control gave rise to her courage and persistent industry, which finally end the family crisis.

Part B

Altruism

该考点我们在2019年也考到过啦，下面是2019年的例题题目。

✅解题思路：

在今年的这道题中，同样我们也介绍下无私（altruism）的基本特点，即无私的帮助别人（help for unselfish reason）。

✅同时结合文本中的例子来解释，比如：

Many community members are altruism; they voluntarily help their neighbors without expectation of getting something in return.

Normative social influence

我们在2019年也考了类似的题目哦，同学要注意normative social influence 和informational social influence的区别。

规范性社会影响（normative social influence）是指以自己期望为别人所喜欢、接纳与认可作基础的社会影响（person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval）。

✅解题思路：

✅结合本题内容，我们可以这么说：

With some families joined Sandie to help people in need, the rest neighbors, who may not want to get involved at first, also lend their hands because they want to be in line with other people; they hoped their kind behavior be accepted and praised by other people.

Modeling

这个概念是我们学习social learning、observational learning时候常常提到的。

✅解题思路：

结合例子，我们需要强调人们通过模仿他们看到的别人的行为（imitate what they saw other people do）

✅比如：

When other families noticed that Sadie was helping people who suffered financial crisis, some of these wealthy neighbors joined Sadie next time, lending money with low interest to the poor people.

心理学北美FRQ考情

set 1第一题Part A解析

这部分的三个考点都属于第六单元的考点。

Assimilation

这里题干中具体要求用来解释glass marble ，同学们注意要结合例子分析哦，同时也要注意和accommodation的区别。

✅答案例子如下：

Assimilation means that new information is incorporated into an already existing schema. In this case, Gavin who had never seen glass marbles thought them function like normal balls such as tennis ball. Thus, he threw glass marbles onto the floor, expecting them cold bounce back like usual balls do.

egocentrism

这个考点之前我们在2023年的亚太卷第二大题里也是考到过的，同学们不要简单地把它解释成自私（selfish）或者是个人主义（individualism）哦。

✅答案例子如下：

Taking place in preoperational stage, according to Piaget, egocentrism means that children show little awareness of the perspective of others. In this case, Gavin told his grandma “I drew that picture in that room,” without realizing that his grandma does not know which picture as well as which room he is referring to.

egocentrism

这个考点之前我们在2023年的亚太卷第二大题里也是考到过的，同学们不要简单地把它解释成自私（selfish）或者是个人主义（individualism）哦。

✅答案例子如下：

Taking place in preoperational stage, according to Piaget, egocentrism means that children show little awareness of the perspective of others. In this case, Gavin told his grandma “I drew that picture in that room,” without realizing that his grandma does not know which picture as well as which room he is referring to.

avoidant attachment

同学们注意区别三种依恋关系（secure attachment, anxiousambivalent attachment, avoidant attachment）的各自特征哦。

✅答案例子如下：

Since Gavin is in avoidant attachment with his parents, he did not show distressed by the separation from his parents in the museum and when they united, he did not demonstrate welcoming behavior towards them either.

Part B

Serial position effect

这道题考察的是第五单元中讲记忆的相关考点时学到的概念。主要内容是说我们在面对一串信息的记忆时，首尾信息的记忆会比中间信息的记忆更深刻。

✅答案例子如下：

Because of serial position effect, Gavin can recall clearly several first and last exhibits in the museum he visited while the middle ones are very hard to be recollected.

Motor cortex

这是我们第二段元讲到cortex的时候分析到的知识点，同学们注意和sensory cortex区别，motor cortex主要强调和有意识的运动相关。

✅答案例子如下：

When Gavin drew the picture of exhibition, his motor cortex is activated to help Gavin’s fingers to grab and move the pen to complete the drawing action.

Cognitive map

这个考点在2023年也有出现，本身属于第四单元latent learning中提到的概念。

✅答案例子如下：

Cognitive map refers to a mental understanding of an environment. In this case, when Gavin explored all of the exhibits in the museum, he shuttled in different areas for many times. As a result, he built up the mental representation of the museum quickly, which facilitates his orientation in it.

Cones in the retina

视网膜的视锥细胞（cones）是第三单元的vision部分的知识点。同学们注意和视杆细胞rods区别。

✅答案例子如下：

Cones in Gavin’s retina enable him to see different colors and draw pictures.

以上是心理学亚太+北美卷的部分真题和满分答案解析，想要题目来练手的同学们可以找老师领取～